1
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Difficult clinical news deserves time, privacy and a team that knows the plan.

2
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Preparation supports compassionate communication while helping everyone respond if a safety concern arises.

3
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Choose an appropriate space with a clear route to assistance.

4
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Arrange relevant colleagues or an interpreter where needed, while respecting the patient's preferences and confidentiality.

5
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Before you begin, agree who will explain the information and who will provide support.

6
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Confirm how the team will get additional help if the situation changes.

7
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Use plain language, allow pauses and check what the patient or family has understood.

8
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Distress does not automatically mean aggression, so respond to the person's actual behaviour.

9
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If behaviour becomes threatening, follow the local safety response and seek assistance.

10
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Arrange appropriate ongoing care and document the relevant clinical and safety facts.

11
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Before a challenging discussion, check the room, the people and the support arrangements.

12
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Compassion and preparation belong in the same conversation.